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Case Report
A case report of chronic granulomatous disease presenting with aspergillus pneumonia in a 2-month old girl
Eun Lee, Seak Hee Oh, Ji Won Kwon, Byoung Ju Kim, Jinho Yu, Chan Jeoung Park, Soo Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(6):722-726.   Published online June 23, 2010

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an uncommon inherited disorder caused by mutations in any of the genes encoding subunits of the superoxide-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase system, which is essential for killing catalase producing bacteria and fungi, such as Aspergillus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Nocardia species and Burkholderia cepacia. In case of a history of recurrent or persistent infections, immune...

Original Article
Respiratory syncytial virus infection cases in congenital heart disease patients
Woo Sup Shim, Jae Yeong Lee, Jin Yong Song, Soo Jin Kim, Sung Hye Kim, So Ick Jang, Eun Yong Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):380-391.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main pathogens causing lower respiratory infections (LRI) in young children, usually of limited severity. However, in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, one of the high-risk groups for RSV infection, RSV can cause serious illnesses and fatal results. To elucidate the effects of RSV infection in CHD patients, we observed RSV...
Detection of genetic mutations associated with macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chi Eun Oh, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):178-183.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : The aim of this study was to identify mutations associated with macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and to establish a cultural method to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from 62 children diagnosed with MP pneumonia by a serologic method or polymerase chain reaction. The 23S rRNA and L4 ribosomal protein genes of MP...
Detection of nasopharyngeal carriages in children by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
Ji Hye Shin, Hye Young Han, Sun Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1358-1363.   Published online December 15, 2009
Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages in children using a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay kit. Methods : We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 33 children without any underlying disease from July 25 to July 28, 2008. The children were free from the signs of respiratory tract infections at the...
Clinical significance of codetection of the causative agents for acute respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children
Eui Jung Roh, Young Pyo Chang, Jae Kyung Kim, In Soo Rheem, Kwi Sung Park, Eun Hee Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):661-666.   Published online June 15, 2009
Purpose : To determine the prevalence and clinical features of codetected respiratory etiological agents for acute respiratory infection in hospitalized children. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection at Dankook University Hospital from September 2003 through June 2005. Immunofluorescent staining and culture were used for the detection of respiratory viruses (influenza virus [IFV] types...
Case Report
Two cases of Kawasaki disease following pneumonia
Hyun Jung Kim, Soo Jin Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):615-618.   Published online May 15, 2009
Kawasaki disease (KD) causes multisystemic vasculitis but rarely manifests with pulmonary symptoms. As its etiology is still unknown, there are no specific diagnostic tools available, and KD can be diagnosed only by the symptom pattern. The presence of unusual clinical manifestations often leads to delayed diagnosis. Here, we report two cases of KD with an initial presentation of pneumonia. KD...
A case of fatal pneumococcal 19A meningoencephalitis despite administration of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
Ah Rum Heo, Jun Hwa Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):508-511.   Published online April 15, 2009
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of serious invasive diseases in children, especially in young infants, but seven- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is believed to prevent invasive pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis in young children. However, recently, the incidence of non-PCV7 serotype has increased after PCV7 vaccination. A 14-month- old female patient presented at our emergency room with mental change...
Original Article
Clinical findings of severe amniotic fluid aspiration pneumonia and effects of surfactant replacement therapy
Sang Woo Park, Chun-Soo Kim, Sang-Lak Lee, Tae-Chan Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):429-434.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Severe aspiration of the amniotic fluid is known to cause fatal respiratory distress in neonates. We conducted this study to investigate the clinical findings of severe amniotic fluid aspiration pneumonia (AFAP) in neonates and the effect of pulmonary surfactant replacement therapy (SRT). Methods : Retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted on 28 patients who received ventilator care...
Nationwide surveillance of acute interstitial pneumonia in Korea
Byoung-Ju Kim, Han A Kim, Young-Hwa Song, Jinho Yu, Seonguk Kim, Seong Jong Park, Kyung Won Kim, Kyu-Earn Kim, Dong Soo Kim, June Dong Park, Kang Mo Ahn, Hyo-Bin Kim, Hyang-Min Jung, Chun Kang, Soo-Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):324-329.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is a rare disease, but its prognosis is fatal because of lack of efficient treatment modality. Recently, it has been reported that there was epidemic AIP in Korea. This study aims to investigate the past and current status of AIP in Korea. Methods : We performed a nationwide survey and a prospective study. From August...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Korean children, from 1979 to 2006-a meta-analysis
Jin Woo Kim, Hyun Kyong Seo, Eun Gyong Yoo, Sung Jin Park, So Hwa Yoon, Hye Young Jung, Manyong Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):315-323.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the reports on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in the last 30 years (1980-2006) to investigate the intervals between outbreaks, change in the peak incidence age, and diagnostic methods. We also aimed to validate the proper diagnostic criteria for M. pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods : We reviewed 62 original articles on M. pneumoniae...
Clinical feature of neonatal pneumothorax induced by respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia
Ji-Sun Jung, Sang-Woo Park, Chun-Soo Kim, Sang-Lak Lee, Tae-Chan Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):310-314.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : Pneumothorax is an important factor responsible for increased mortality and morbidity in neonates. Here, we compared the clinical findings and prognosis for neonatal pneumothorax induced by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and pneumonia. Methods : Between January 2001 and December 2005, 80 patients with neonatal pneumothorax induced by RDS and pneumonia and admitted to the NICU of Dongsan Medical...
Review Article
Antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia in children
Hye-yung Yum
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):283-288.   Published online March 15, 2009
Pneumonia remains the leading cause of mortality in children. Diagnosis depends on a combination of factors, including clinical assessment, radiological and laboratory findings. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most important cause of childhood bacterial pneumonia, the great majority of cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are of viral etiology. A new, rapid, and inexpensive test that differentiates viral from bacterial pneumonia...
Mycoplasma and chlamydia infection in Korea
Kyung Won Kim, Kyu-Earn Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):277-282.   Published online March 15, 2009
Pneumonia, which usually requires hospitalization for children, is caused by various pathogens. According to recent surveys, the prevalence of atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma or Chlamydia has increased, especially in preschool children. Also, the evidence has been accumulated that Mycoplasma or Chlamydia infection is associated with asthma including both inception and exacerbation. Therefore, it is important to consider how the...
Case Report
Atypical presentation of Kawasaki disease resembling a retropharyngeal abscess
Sun-Hee Choi, Yu-Min Lee, Yeong-Ho Rha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):247-250.   Published online February 15, 2009
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) presents with widespread blisters, erythematous or purpuric macules, and one or more mucous membrane erosions. Various etiologic factors, including infection, vaccination, drug administration, systemic diseases, physical agents, and food have been implicated as causes of SJS. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common infectious agent to cause SJS in children. In recent literature, M. pneumoniae-induced SJS with mucositis...
Original Article
Bacterial meningitis in children experienced at a university hospital, 1993-2006
Sung Yoon Cho, Tae Yeon Kim, Hyunju Lee, Kyung Hyo Kim, Eun Sun Yoo, Hae Soon Kim, Eun Ae Park, Kyung Ha Ryu, Jeong Wan Seo, Sejung Sohn, Seung Joo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1077-1084.   Published online October 15, 2008
Purpose : Despite the seriousness of bacterial meningitis in children, there is little information on the incidence, causative organisms, mortality rate and age distribution. We studied the frequency by age group and causal pathogens, and clinical characteristics in children with bacterial meningitis in the private sector in Korea. Methods : The medical records containing the data on bacterial meningitis patients...
Review Article
Emergence of macrolide resistance and clinical use of macrolide antimicrobials in children
Eun Hwa Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1031-1037.   Published online October 15, 2008
Macrolide antimicrobial agents including erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children. Newer macrolides that have structural modifications of older drug erythromycin show improved change in the spectrum of activity, dosing, and administration. However, recent studies reported that increasing use of macrolide antibiotics is the main force driving the development of...
Case Report
Two cases of central nervous system complications caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Shin Mi Kim, Ji Seung Heo, Eun Jung Shim, Dae Hyoung Lee, Do Jun Cho, Dug Ha Kim, Ki Sik Min, Ki Yang Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(5):533-537.   Published online May 15, 2008
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations in children and young adults, the main one being pneumonia. M. pneumoniae is transmitted from person to person by infected respiratory droplets. Symptoms caused by M. pneumoniae infection can be divided into those involving the respiratory tract, and those caused by extrapulmonary disease. M. pneumoniae infections may cause...
Original Article
Increased vascular endothelial growth factor in children with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and wheezing
Young Seo, Byung Keun Yu, Yeon Joung Oh, Yoon Lee, Young Yoo, Ji Tae Choung, Young Yull Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(5):487-491.   Published online May 15, 2008
Purpose : Although Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection can cause wheezing in non-asthmatic children, the mechanisms of this symptom remain unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability, and is also known to be elevated in cases of chronic pulmonary disease such as asthma. We hypothesized that VEGF may increase in children with...
Epidemic acute interstitial pneumonia in children occurred during the early 2006s
Chong Kun Cheon, Hyun-Seung Jin, Eun Kyeong Kang, Hyo Bin Kim, Byoung-Joo Kim, Jinho Yu, Seong Jong Park, Soo-Jong Hong, June Dong Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(4):383-390.   Published online April 15, 2008
Purpose : This study was aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with acute interstitial pneumonia who had presented similar clinical patterns from March to June, 2006 and to describe our experience of treatment and to identify risk factors associated with prognosis. Methods : The clinical characteristics, radiologic and histopathologic findings and response to steroids of 15 patients (non-survival...
Review Article
The management of sinusitis in children
Manyong Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(4):328-334.   Published online April 15, 2007
Sinusitis is a common medical problem in children. The prevalence of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae infection has been increased during the last decade. The medical management is based on the choice of antimicrobial agents. This article reviews current literatures on the management of acute bacterial sinusitis and chronic sinusitis, with an emphasis on penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae infection. This article also explores...
Original Article
A clinical study of child bacterial meningitis in Daejeon and Chungcheong area : 2001-2005
Yong Joo Lee, Soo Jin Lee, Ho Jin Park, Young Hyuk Lee, So Young Kang, Young Chang Kim, In Kyu Lee, Kyung Yeon Lee, Keon Su Lee, Won Seop Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(2):157-162.   Published online February 15, 2007
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiology, causative organism, clinical manifestation and prognosis of bacterial meningitis for children after the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. Methods : We analyzed retrospectively 53 medical records who had been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis at 10 general or university hospitals...
A study of serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by multibead assay
Ky Young Cho, Jung Ah Lee, Sung Eun Cho, Nam Hee Kim, Jin A Lee, Ki Sook Hong, Hoan Jong Lee, Kyung Hyo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(2):151-156.   Published online February 15, 2007
Purpose : Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major etiologic agent for pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, and sepsis among young children. Multi-drug resistant strains have raised great concern worldwide, thus the importance of prevention with vaccines has been emphasized. However, vaccines may force the appearance of pneumococcal infections by nonvaccine serotypes. Thus, distribution of pneumococcal serotypes should be monitored to estimate vaccine...
Database study for clinical guidelines of children with pneumonia who visited an emergency department
Dae Young Hong, Kyung Mi Lee, Ji Hye Kim, Jun Sig Kim, Seung Baik Han, Dae-Hyun Lim, Byoung Kwan Son, Hun Jae Lee, Kyung-Hee Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):757-762.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : Pneumonia is one of the most common infections in children who visit emergency departments(ED), but standard clinical guidelines for children with pneumonia in Korea have not been studied. This study was performed to collect and evaluate a data-base of children with pneumonia for establishing clinical guidelines in ED. Methods : This study reviewed 304 children who were diagnosed...
The significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in children with asthma and pneumonia
Seong Hwan Choi, Jung Yeon Shim, Myung Hwan Yoo, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):192-197.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is a key cytokine for controlling vascular permeability and angiogenesis, which is one of the major findings in airway remodeling. However, it is not well known if it is associated with acute lower respiratory tract disease such as lobar pneumonia. The aim of this study is to compare serum VEGF levels in patients with...
Molecular-epidemiologic study on outbreak of colonization by extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonatal intensive care unit
Nu-Lee Jun, Mi-Na Kim, Jae-Sim Jeong, Yang-Soo Kim, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, Ki-Soo Kim, Soo-Young Pi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):150-156.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : The aims of this study included assessment of molecular-epidemiologic features during an outbreak of colonization of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae(ESBL- KPN) and re-evaluation of their colonized status one year later. Methods : Rectal swab cultures for ESBL-KPN from all hospitalized infants and newly admitted infants were obtained during the outbreak of colonization from July to December,...
Pneumococcal Surface Protein A of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Koreans
Kyung Hyo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1206-1211.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : Pneumococcal protein vaccine based on pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is in development with the potential to offer a broad range of protection against different strains. PspA elicits protection in mice against fatal sepsis as well as carriage and lung infection. This study was performed to investigate the frequency of PspA families among Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from Korean...
Clinical Entities and Etiology of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Apparently Healthy Children
Joon Ho Lee, Eun Kyoung Song, Jin A Lee, Nam Hee Kim, Dong Ho Kim, Ki Won Park, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1193-1200.   Published online November 15, 2005
ilus influenzae has been declined to 4% each from 23% and 14%, respectively, compared to previous study. S. agalactiae was the most common isolate in the infants ≤3 months. Among the infants and children aged 3 months to 2 years and children of 2-5 years, S. pneumoniae(57%, 52%, respectively, in each group) was the most common isolates followed by S....
Clinical Findings of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children, from 1998 to 2003
Ji-Hyun Kim, Soo Ahn Chae, Dong-Keun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):969-975.   Published online September 15, 2005
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chung Ang University, Seoul, Korea Purpose : We performed a study of clinical findings of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in children, to know differences between recent clinical manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumonia and previous studies. Methods : The subjects of this study were 393 children who were diagnosed as Mycoplasma pneumonia with high titers of Mycoplasma antibody(≥1 : 160)...
Hepatitis Complicated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Children
Seung Min Lee, Sung Moon Lee, Hann Tchah, In Sang Jeon, Eell Ryoo, Kang Ho Cho, Yong Han Seon, Dong Woo Son, Hee Joo Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(8):832-838.   Published online August 15, 2005
Purpose : Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is relatively common in childhood. Its extrapulmonary manifestations have been reported so much, but hepatitis associated with it has been reported rarely in Korea. Methods : A clinical study was performed on 556 patients of M. pneumoniae pneumonia diagnosed serologically at Gil hospital from January 2001 to December 2004. We reviewed 65 cases among these patients,...
Functional Immunity to Cross-Reactive Serotype 6A Induced by Serotype 6B in Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Kyung Hyo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):506-511.   Published online May 15, 2005
Purpose : Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B and 6A are important pathogens in pneumococcal infections. It is commonly assumed that the 6B vaccines elicit antibodies cross-reacting with the 6A serotype and the cross-reactive antibodies protect against infections of 6A. To examine this assumption, we measured the opsonophagocytic capacity to serotype 6A and 6B in adults. Methods : Twenty-four adults were immunized...
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